Description of logs

Floats : No

Log durability : Moderate

Diameter : From 80 to 100 cm

Thickness of Sapwood : 2,5 to 25 cm

Description of wood

Color reference : Yellow brown

Sapwood : Clearly demarcated

Texture : Coarse

Grain : Interlocked

Interlocked grain : Slight

Notes : Yellow brown to more or less dark brown, with golden glints.

Ribbon -like aspect on quarter-sawn, darker veins on slab.

Possible presence of very hard white calcium deposits, sometimes surrounded by a darker color.

Physics and mechanics

The properties indicated are for mature wood. These properties may varySignificantly depending on the origin and growing conditions of the wood.

Specific gravity’ : 0.64

IMonnin hardness : 4.1

Coefficient of volumetric shrinkage : 0.44 % per %

Total tangential shrinkage (St): 5.4%

Total radial shrinkage (Sr) : 3.5%

Ratio St/Sr : 1.5%

Fibre Saturation point : 23

Conductivity (A): 0.22 W/(m.K)

Lower heating value : 19,900 kJ/kg

Crushing strength : 54 MPa

Static bending strength : 87 MPa

Modulus of elasticity’ : 12,840 MPa

( 1 At 12 % moisture content , with 1 MPa = 1  N / mm )

Natural durability and preservation

Resistance to fungi : Class 1-2 – very durable to durable

Resistance to dry wood borers : Class D – durable (sapwood demarcated, risk limited to sapwood)

Resistance to termites : Class D – durable

Treatability : Class 4 – not permeable

Use class ensured by natural durability : Class 3 – not in ground contact, outside

Requirement of a preservative treatment

Against dry wood borer : Does not require any preservative treatment In case of temporary / permanent humidification : Does not require any preservative treatment

Drying

Drying rate : Normal

Risk of distorsion : Slight risk

Risk of casehardening/Risk of checking/Risk of collapse : No known specific risk

Sawing and machining

Blunting effect : Fairly high

Sawteeth recommended : Stellite-tipped

Cutting tools : Tungsten carbide

Peeling : Good

Slicing : Good

Notes : The calcium carbonate deposits in some logs severely damage tools. Very irritant sawdust.

Risks of tearing (irregular grain).

Assembling

Nailing and screwing : Good

Commercial grading

Appearance grading for sawn timbers.

According to the ATIBT grading rules (2017), the main choices are: FAS (First And Second), n°1

Common and select, n°2 Common (see details of these rules on the ATIBT website).

Visual grading for structural applications.

According to European standard EN 1912 (2012) and associated national standards, strength

class D40 can be provided by visual grading. Strength class D30 can also be provided by visual

grading

according to French standard NF B 52-001-1 (2018).

Fire safety

Conventional French grading :

Thickness > 14 mm: M3 (moderately inflammable)

Thickness < 14 mm: M4 (easily inflammable)

Euroclasses grading : D-s2, dO

Default grading for solid wood, according to requirements of European standard EN 14081-1+Al

(August 2019).

It concerns structural graded timber in vertical uses and ceiling with mean density upper 0.35

and thickness upper 22 mm.

End-uses

Bridges (parts not in contact with water or ground)

Cabinetwork (high class furniture)

Cooperage

Current furniture or furniture components

Decking

Exterior joinery

Flooring

Glued laminated

Interior joinery

Interior panelling

Light carpentry

Ship building (planking and deck)

Sliced veneer

Stairs (inside)

Turned goods

Vehicle or container flooring

Veneer for back or face of plywood / Veneer for interior of plywood

Notes. Filling is recommended. Wood sometimes resistant to wood finish product. Iroko contains a non-saturated phenolic compound : chlorophorin, a powerful anti-oxidant. Paints or varnishes free of siccative oil are therefore used for finishing. These synthetic, resin based paints and varnishes (such as vynilic paints and polyurethane varnishes) can also be used as an undercoat.

Main local names

Angola : Moreira

Benin : Lokotin

Cameroon : Abang

Central : African Republic Bangui

Congo : Kambala/Lusanga/Mokongo/Moloundou

Côte d’lvoire : Iroko

Equatorial Guinea / Gabon : Abang/Mandi 

Ghana : Odoum

Liberia : Semli

Mozambique : Mufula

Mozambique : Tule

Nigeria : Rokko

Family :

Fabaceze

Botanical Name(s) : Pterocorpus osun / Plerocorpus soyuuxu

Continent : Africa

Description of logs

Floats : No

Log durability : Moderate

Diameter : From 60 to 100 cm

Thickness of Sapwood : 2,5 to 25 cm

Description of wood

Color reference : Red

Sapwood : Clearly demarcated

Texture : Coarse

Grain : Straight or interlocked

Interlocked grain : Marked

Notes : Variable buoyancy. Wood bright red becoming purplish brown

with light.

Physics and mechanics

The properties indicated are for mature wood. These properties may varySignificantly depending on the origin and growing conditions of the wood.

Specific gravity’ : 0.79

IMonnin hardness : 8.3

Coefficient of volumetric shrinkage : 0.44 % per %

Total tangential shrinkage (St): 5.0%

Total radial shrinkage (Sr) : 3.2%

Ratio St/Sr : 1.6%

Fibre Saturation point : 21

Thermal Conductivity (A): 0.26 W/(m.K)

Lower heating value :

Crushing strength : 56 MPa

Static bending strength : 116 MPa

Modulus of elasticity’ : 15,870 MPa

( 1 At 12 % moisture content , with 1 MPa = 1  N / mm )

Natural durability and preservation

Resistance to fungi : Class 1-2 – very durable to durable

Resistance to dry wood borers : Class D – durable (sapwood demarcated, risk limited to sapwood)

Resistance to termites : Class D – durable

Treatability : Class 2 – moderately permeable

Use class ensured by natural durability : Class 4 – in ground or tresh water contact.

Requirement of a preservative treatment

Against dry wood borer : Does not require any preservative treatment.

In case of temporary / permanent humidification : Does not require any preservative treatment

Drying

Drying rate : Normal to Slow

Risk of distorsion : Slight risk

Risk of casehardening/Risk of checking/Risk of collapse : No known specific risk

Sawing and machining

Blunting effect : Fairly high

Sawteeth recommended : Stellite-tipped

Cutting tools : Tungsten carbide

Peeling : Not recommended or without interest

Slicing : Good

Notes : The calcium carbonate deposits in some logs severely damage tools. Very irritant sawdust.

Risks of tearing (irregular grain).

Assembling

Nailing and screwing : Good but pre-boring necessan

Notes : Pre•boring necessary: nsks of splits especially with thin boaros

Commercial grading

Appearance grading for sawn timbers :

According to the ATIBT grading rules (2017), the main choices are: FAS (First And Second), n°1

Common and select, n°2 Common (see details of these rules on the ATIBT website).

Visual grading for structural applications :

According to French standard NF B 52-001-1 (2018), strength class D30 can be provided by visual grading.

Fire safety

Conventional French grading :

Thickness > 14 mm: M3 (moderately inflammable)

Thickness < 14 mm: M4 (easily inflammable)

Euroclasses grading : D-s2, dO

Default grading for solid wood, according to requirements of European standard EN 14081-1+Al

(August 2019).

It concerns structural graded timber in vertical uses and ceiling with mean density upper 0.35

and thickness upper 22 mm.

End-uses

Bridges (parts not in contact with water or ground)

Bridges (parts not in contact with water or groune)

Cabinetwork (high class furniture)

Decking

Exterior joinery

Flooring
Heavy carpent
Hydraulic works (seawater )
Industnal or heavy flooring

Interior joinery
Suloture
Seats

Ship building (planking and deck)
Ship building (ribs)

Sleepers

Sliced veneer

Turned goods

Vehicle or container flooring

Notes. Filling is recommended. Wood sometimes resistant to wood finish product. Iroko contains a non-saturated phenolic compound : chlorophorin, a powerful anti-oxidant. Paints or varnishes free of siccative oil are therefore used for finishing. These synthetic, resin based paints and varnishes (such as vynilic paints and polyurethane varnishes) can also be used as an undercoat.

Main local names

Angola : Tacula

Cameroon : Mbel

Central : Padouk

Congo : Kisésé/Mongola/Mukula/N’gula

Côte d’lvoire : Padouk

Equatorial Guinea / Gabon : Palo rojo/Mbel

Ghana : Odoum

France/Germany/Italia/UK : Padauk/Camwom

Liberia : Padouk

Nigeria : Osun

Family :

Rubiaceat

Botanical Name(s) : Naucleo diderrichl / Naucieo trillestismnonymous / Naucieo dilete / Sorcocennolus sonthoxvion (synonymous)

Continent : Africa

Description of logs

Floats : No

Log durability : Moderate

Diameter : From 60 to 90 cm

Thickness of Sapwood : 3 to 5 cm

Description of wood

Color reference : Orange yellow

Sapwood : Clearly demarcated

Texture : Medium

Grain : Interlocked

Interlocked grain : Marked

Notes : Heartwood golden yellow or orangey yellow slightly moiré.

Physics and mechanics

The properties indicated are for mature wood. These properties may varySignificantly depending on the origin and growing conditions of the wood.

Specific gravity’ : 0.76

IMonnin hardness : 5.3

Coefficient of volumetric shrinkage : 0.5 % per %

Total tangential shrinkage (St): 7.5%

Total radial shrinkage (Sr) : 4.5%

Ratio St/Sr : 1.7%

Fibre Saturation point : 25%

Thermal Conductivity (A): 0.25 W/(m.K)

Lower heating value : 19.660 kg

Crushing strength : 63 MPa

Static bending strength : 95 MPa

Modulus of elasticity’ : 14,660 MPa

( 1 At 12 % moisture content , with 1 MPa = 1  N / mm )

Natural durability and preservation

Resistance to fungi : Class 1 – very durable to durable

Resistance to dry wood borers : Class D – durable (sapwood demarcated, risk limited to sapwood)

Resistance to termites : Class D – durable

Treatability : Class 2 – moderately permeable

Use class ensured by natural durability : Class 4 – in ground or tresh water contact.

Notes : This species is listed in the kuropen standard NrEN 330 (2016), Bilinga naturall covers the use class wood permanently or regular submeraed in salt water sea water or brackish water, Accordina to the European standard Nr EN 355 2013), performance lath might De modiltd by the intensity or end-use exposition

Requirement of a preservative treatment

Against dry wood borer : Does not require any preservative treatment.

In case of temporary / permanent humidification : Does not require any preservative treatment

Drying

Drying rate : Slow

Risk of distorsion : Slight risk

Risk of casehardening/Risk of checking/Risk of collapse : No known specific risk

Sawing and machining

Blunting effect : Normal

Sawteeth recommended : Ordinary or alloy steel

Cutting tools : Ordinary

Peeling : Not recommended or without interest

Slicing : Good

Assembling

Nailing and screwing : Good but pre-boring necessan

Notes : Wood presents slight tendency to split when nailing. Wood is acidic: to be taken into account when gluine.

Commercial grading

Appearance grading for sawn timbers :

According to the ATIBT grading rules (2017), the main choices are: FAS (First And Second), n°1

Common and select, n°2 Common (see details of these rules on the ATIBT website).

Visual grading for structural applications :

According to French standard NF B 52-001-1 (2018), strength class D30 can be provided by visual grading.

Fire safety

Conventional French grading :

Thickness > 14 mm: M3 (moderately inflammable)

Thickness < 14 mm: M4 (easily inflammable)

Euroclasses grading : D-s2, dO

Default grading for solid wood, according to requirements of European standard EN 14081-1+Al

(August 2019).

It concerns structural graded timber in vertical uses and ceiling with mean density upper 0.35

and thickness upper 22 mm.

End-uses

Bridges (parts not in contact with water or ground)

Bridges (parts not in contact with water or groune)

Cabinetwork (high class furniture)

Current fumiture or furniture components

Decking

Exterior joinery

Flooring

Heavy carpent

Hydraulic works (seawater )

Industnal or heavy flooring

Interior joinery

Interior Panelling

Poles

Ship building (planking and deck )

Sleepers

Sliced veneer

Vehicle or container flooring

Notes :Risk of surface splitting in outdoor uses in dry, hot environments. Needs filling before polishing Resistant to one or several acids.

Main local names

Angola : Engole

Cameroon: Axondor

Central African Republic : Kilu

Congo : Linzi/Mokesse/Ngulu-maza

Côte d’lvoire : Badi

Equatorial Guinea : Aloma

Gabon Blinga

France/Germany/Italia/UK : Blinga/Aloma/Opepe

Ghana : Kusia

Uganda : Kilingi

Nigera : Opepe

Family :

Meliaceae
Entandrophragma cylindricum

Continent : Africa

Description of logs

Floats : Yes

Log durability : Moderate (treatment recommended)

Diameter : From 60 to 90 cm

Thickness of Sapwood : 3 to 5 cm

Description of wood

Color reference : Red Brown

Sapwood : Clearly demarcated

Texture : Fine

Grain : Interlocked

Interlocked grain : Slight to very Marked

Notes : Some logs are not floatable. Wood pinkish brown to copper red brown. Possible presence of ring shakes and blister grains (longitudinal fissure in the shape of barley grain on the curved surface of round timber, generally concealed by the bark and linked to a disfunction in tree growth). Cedar like scent.

Physics and mechanics

The properties indicated are for mature wood. These properties may varySignificantly depending on the origin and growing conditions of the wood.

Specific gravity’ : 0.69

IMonnin hardness : 4.2

Coefficient of volumetric shrinkage : 0.47 % per %

Total tangential shrinkage (St): 7.2%

Total radial shrinkage (Sr) : 5%

Ratio St/Sr : 1.4%

Fibre Saturation point : 29%

Thermal Conductivity (A): 0.23 W/(m.K)

Lower heating value : 17.810 kg

Crushing strength : 62 MPa

Static bending strength : 102 MPa

Modulus of elasticity’ : 13,960 MPa

( 1 At 12 % moisture content , with 1 MPa = 1  N / mm )

Natural durability and preservation

Resistance to fungi : Class 3 – moderately durable.

Resistance to dry wood borers : Class D – durable (sapwood demarcated, risk limited to sapwood)

Resistance to termites : Class M – moderately durable. 

Treatability : Class 3 – poorly permeable

Use class ensured by natural durability : Class 3.1 according to NF P 23-305 standard (December 2014). Class 3.2 may be considered with preservation treatment or, without treatment, subject to sound drainage design (FD P 20 651 – 2011).

Notes : This species is listed in the European standard F EN 350 (2016).

Requirement of a preservative treatment

Against dry wood borer : Does not require any preservative treatment.

In case of temporary humidification : Sapwood excluded, this wood is suitable for temporary humidification situations without preservative treatment, provided it is designed to be sound and draining (FD P 20 651 – 2011).

In case of permanent humidification : Use not recommended

Drying

Drying rate : Normal

Risk of distorsion : Slight risk

Risk of casehardening/Risk of checking/Risk of collapse : No known specific risk

Sawing and machining

Blunting effect : Normal

Sawteeth recommended : Ordinary or alloy steel

Cutting tools : Ordinary

Peeling : Good

Slicing : Good

Notes. Tendency to tearing in planing (interlocked grain).

Assembling

Nailing and screwing : Good

Notes : Tends to stain when gluing.

Commercial grading

Appearance grading for sawn timbers :

According to the AllBT grading rules (2017), the main choices are: FAS (First And Second), n’1 Common and select, n°2 Common (see details of these rules on the ATIBT website: https://www.atibt.org/files/upload/technical -publications/Contrats-et-usages-Bois-tropicaux/PAMPHLET-3-MAIN-GRADING-RULES-FOR-SAWN-TROPICAL- TIMBER.pdf).

Visual grading for structural applications :

According to French standard NF B 52-001-1 (2018), strength class D30 can be provided by visual grading.

Fire safety

Conventional French grading :

Thickness > 14 mm: M3 (moderately inflammable)

Thickness < 14 mm: M4 (easily inflammable)

Euroclasses grading : D-s2, dO

Default grading for solid wood, according to requirements of European standard EN 14081-1+Al

(August 2019).

It concerns structural graded timber in vertical uses and ceiling with mean density upper 0.35

and thickness upper 22 mm.

End-uses

Cabinetwork (high class furniture)

Current fumiture or furniture components

Exterior joinery

Flooring

Indoor Staircases

Interior joinery

Interior Panelling

Light Carpentry

Poles

Ship building (planking and deck )

Sleepers

Sliced veneer

Veneer  for back or face of Plywood

Veneer  for intenor of Plywood

Notes : Light and regular interlocked grain: appreciated for slicing. Highly interlocked grain: troublesome for some end uses.

Main local names

Angola : Undianuno

Cameroon : Assie/Sapeli

Central African Republic : M’boyo

Congo : Undianuno/Lifaki

Côte d’lvoire : Aboudikro

Gabon : Blinga

France/Germany/Italia/UK : Sapelli/Mahogany

Ghana : Sapele

Uganda : Muyovu

Family :

Sapotaceae
Botanical Name : Letestua durissima

Continent : Africa

Description of logs

Floats : No

Log durability : Good

Diameter : From 70 to 90 cm

Thickness of Sapwood : 5 to 8 cm

Description of wood

Color reference : Red Brown

Sapwood : Clearly demarcated

Texture : Fine

Grain : Interlocked

Interlocked grain : Marked

Notes : Possible presence of wind shake.

Physics and mechanics

The properties indicated are for mature wood. These properties may varySignificantly depending on the origin and growing conditions of the wood.

Specific gravity’ : 1.10

IMonnin hardness : 15.1

Coefficient of volumetric shrinkage : 0.73 % per %

Total tangential shrinkage (St): 10.8%

Total radial shrinkage (Sr) : 7.8%

Ratio St/Sr : 1.4%

Fibre Saturation point : 23%

Thermal Conductivity (A): 0.23 W/(m.K)

Lower heating value : 20.160 kg

Crushing strength : 92 MPa

Static bending strength : 190 MPa

Modulus of elasticity’ : 26,700 MPa

( 1 At 12 % moisture content , with 1 MPa = 1  N / mm )

Natural durability and preservation

Resistance to dry wood borers : Class D – durable (sapwood demarcated, risk limited to sapwood).

Resistance to termites : Class D – durable. 

Treatability : Class 4 – NOT permeable

Use class ensured by natural durability : Class 4 – in ground or fresh water contact.

Notes. This species is listed in the European standard NF EN 350 (2016). This species naturally covers the use class 5 (wood permanently or regularly submerged in salt water, sea water or brackish water) due to its high specific gravity, its hardness and a high silica content. According to the European standard NF EN 335 (2013), performance length might be modified by the intensity of end-use exposition.

Requirement of a preservative treatment

Against dry wood borer : Does not require any preservative treatment.

In case of temporary humidification : Does not require any preservative treatment

In case of permanent humidification : Does not require any preservative treatment

Drying

Drying rate : Slow

Risk of distorsion : High risk

Risk of casehardening/Risk of checking/Risk of collapse : No known specific risk

Sawing and machining

Blunting effect : High

Sawteeth recommended : Stellite-tipped

Cutting tools : Tungsten carbide

Peeling : Not recommended or without interest

Slicing : Not recommended or without interest

Notes. Must be sawn with the highest moisture content possible.

Assembling

Nailing and screwing : Good but pre-boring necessary.

Notes : Very high specific gravity. gluing must be especially performed in compliance with the code of practice.

Commercial grading

Appearance grading for sawn timbers : 

According to the ATIBT grading rules (2017), the main choices are: FAS (First And Second), n°1 Common and select, n°2 Common (see details of these rules on the ATIBT website).

Visual grading for structural applications :  No visual grading for structural applications

Fire safety

Conventional French grading :

Thickness > 14 mm: M3 (moderately inflammable)

Thickness < 14 mm: M4 (easily inflammable)

Euroclasses grading : D-s2, dO

Default grading for solid wood, according to requirements of European standard EN 14081-1+Al

(August 2019).

It concerns structural graded timber in vertical uses and ceiling with mean density upper 0.35

and thickness upper 22 mm.

End-uses

Bridges (parts in contact with water or ground)

Bridges (parts not in contact with water or ground)

Decking

Heavy carpentry

Hydraulic works (fresh water)

Industrial or heavy flooring

Sleepers

Vehicle or container flooring

Notes : Can be used as substitute for EKKI (Lophira alata)

Main local names

Congo : Congo Tali

Gabon : Kong-afane

Family :

Fabaceze
Botanical Name: Pterocorpus osun
Plerocorpus soyuuxu

Continent : Africa

Description of logs

Floats : No

Log durability : Good

Diameter : From 60 to 100 cm

Thickness of Sapwood: 6 to 10 cm

Description of wood

Color reference : Red

Sapwood : Clearly demarcated

Texture: Coarse

Grain : Straight or interlocked

Interlocked grain : Marked

Notes : Possible presence of wind shake.

Physics and mechanics

Variable buoyancy. Wood bright red, becoming purplish brown
with light.

Specific gravity: 0.79

IMonnin hardness : 8.3

Coefficient of volumetric shrinkage: 0.44 % per %

Total tangential shrinkage (St): 5%

Total radial shrinkage (Sr) : 3.2%

Ratio St/Sr : 1.6%

Fibre Saturation point : 21%

Thermal Conductivity (A): 0.26 W/(m.K)

Lower heating value : 20.160 kg

Crushing strength : 65 MPa

Static bending strength: 116 MPa

Modulus of elasticity’ : 15,870 MPa

( 1 At 12 % moisture content , with 1 MPa = 1  N / mm )

Natural durability and preservation

Resistance to dry wood borers : Class D – durable (sapwood demarcated, risk limited to sapwood).

Resistance to termites : Class D – durable. 

Treatability: Class 2 – Moderately Permeable

Use class ensured by natural durability : Class 4 – in ground or fresh water contact.

Notes. This species is listed in the European standard NF EN 350 (2016). This species naturally covers the use class 5 (wood permanently or regularly submerged in salt water, sea water or brackish water) due to its high specific gravity, its hardness and a high silica content. According to the European standard NF EN 335 (2013), performance length might be modified by the intensity of end-use exposition.

Requirement of a preservative treatment

Against dry wood borer : Does not require any preservative treatment.

In case of temporary humidification : Does not require any preservative treatment

In case of permanent humidification : Does not require any preservative treatment

Drying

Drying rate: Normal to slow

Risk of distortion: No risk or very slight risk

Risk of casehardening/Risk of checking/Risk of collapse : No known specific risk

Sawing and machining

Blunting effect: Fairly high

Sawteeth recommended: Stellite-tipped

Cutting tools: Tungsten carbide

Peeling: Not recommended or without interest

Slicing: Good

Notes. Sometimes, instant sawdust. Requires power. Sometimes, difficulties are due to interlocked grain.

Assembling

Nailing and screwing : Good but pre-boring necessary.

Notes: Pre•boring necessary: risks of splits, especially with thin boaros.

Commercial grading

Appearance grading for sawn timbers : 

According to the ATIBT grading rules (2017), the main choices are: FAS (First And Second), n°1 Common and select, n°2 Common (see details of these rules on the ATIBT website).

Visual grading for structural applications:  According to French standard NF B 52-001-1 (2018), strength class D30 can be provided by visual grading.

Fire safety

Conventional French grading :

Thickness > 14 mm: M3 (moderately inflammable)

Thickness < 14 mm: M4 (easily inflammable)

Euroclasses grading : D-s2, dO

Default grading for solid wood, according to requirements of European standard EN 14081-1+Al

(August 2019).

It concerns structural graded timber in vertical uses and ceiling with mean density upper 0.35

and thickness upper 22 mm.

End-uses

Bridges (parts in contact with water or ground.

Bridges (parts not in contact with water or ground)

Cabinetwork (high-class furniture

Decking

Exterior joinery

Flooring

Heavy carpentry

Hydraulic works (seawater)

indoor staircases

Industrial or heavy flooring

Interior joinery

sculpture

Seats

Ship building, 0planking, and deck)

Ship building (ribs)

Sleepers

Sliced veneer

Turned goods

Vehicle or container flooring

Notes : Can be used as substitute for EKKI (Lophira alata)

Main local names

Angola : Tacula

Belgium: Corai

Cameron: Mbel

Central African Republic: Padouk

Congo: Kisese

Gabon : Mbel

Germany: Padauk

Italia: Paduk

Netherlands: Padoek

Nigeria: Osun

UK: African Padauk, Barwood, Cam-wood

Family :

Meliaceae
Botanical Name: Entandrophragma candollei

Continent : Africa

Description of logs

Floats : No

Log durability : Moderate (treatment recommended)

Diameter: From 60 to 150 cm

Thickness of Sapwood: 4 to 8 cm

Description of wood

Color reference : Red Brown

Sapwood : Clearly demarcated

Texture: Coarse

Grain : Straight or interlocked

Interlocked grain : Slight

Notes: Red brown with purplish glints. Darkens with light. Déposits of
black resin in the pores. Ribbon-like aspect on quarter sawn.

.

Physics and mechanics

The properties indicated are for mature wood. These properties may vary
significantly depending on the Orion and the aging conditions of the wood

Specific gravity: 0.69

Monnin hardness: 3.3

Coefficient of volumetric shrinkage: 0.42 % per %

Total tangential shrinkage (St): 6.7%

Total radial shrinkage (Sr): 4.8%

Ratio St/Sr: 1.4%

Fibre Saturation point: 32%

Thermal Conductivity (A): 0.23 W/(m.K)

Lower heating value: 18.640 kg

Crushing strength : 53 MPa

Static bending strength: 87 MPa

Modulus of elasticity’ : 11.190 MPa

( 1 At 12 % moisture content , with 1 MPa = 1  N / mm )

Natural durability and preservation

Resistance to dry wood borers: Class D – durable (sapwood demarcated, risk limited to sapwood).

Resistance to termites: Class M – moderately durable. 

Treatability: Class 2 – Moderately Permeable

Use class ensured by natural durability: Class 3 not in ground contact, outside.

Notes. This species is listed in the Surcoean standard NrE350 2016. The French standard Mr 9 23-305 December 2014 indicates that this species covers the use class 3a1 for untreated heartwood. However. Kossipo
And Unle that covers the use class 3.2 for untreated heartwood, has the same class of natural durability against
fungi. In practice, Kossipo and Utile have the same uses for extensor sinew. Theretore, Kossipo can be considered
for the use class 3 2 for untreated heartwood

Requirement of a preservative treatment

Against dry wood borer : Does not require any preservative treatment.

In case of temporary humidification, it requires a proper preservative treatment.

In case of permanent humidification: Use nor recommended.

Drying

Drying rate: Normal to slow

Risk of distortion: High risk.

Risk of casehardening/Risk of checking/Risk of collapse : No known specific risk

Sawing and machining

Blunting effect: High

Sawteeth recommended: Stellite-tipped

Cutting tools: Tungsten carbide

Peeling: Good

Slicing: Good

Notes. Requires power. Sometimes, difficulties are due to interlocked grain (tearing). The blunting effect varies from
quite non to very high silica

.

Assembling

Nailing and screwing: Good.

Commercial grading

Appearance grading for sawn timbers : 

According to the ATIBT grading rules (2017), the main choices are: FAS (First And Second), n’1 Common, and
select. n’2 common see details of these res on the alls website.

.

Fire safety

Conventional French grading :

Thickness > 14 mm: M3 (moderately inflammable)

Thickness < 14 mm: M4 (easily inflammable)

Euroclasses grading : D-s2, dO

Default grading for solid wood, according to requirements of European standard EN 14081-1+Al

(August 2019).

Default grading for solid accord in requirements or European standard EN 14081-+A1. August 2019
It concerns structural graded timber in vertical uses and ceiling with mean density upper d35 and thickness
upper 22 mm.

.

End-uses

Cabinetwork (high-class furniture), Current furniture or furniture component

Exterior joinery

Exterior panelling

Flooring

Glued laminated

indoor staircases

Interior joinery

Interior panelling

Light carpentry

Shingles

Sliced veneer

Venner for the back or face of plywood

Notes: The adherence of the finishing product may be difficult due to the presence of resin. Sanding must be done with care, filling is necessary to obtain a good finish

Main local names

Angola : Lifuco

Cameron: Atom-assie

Central African Republic: Bakanga

Congo: Diamuni,Kosipo

Gabon: Erom

Germany: Kosipo-mahongany

Italia: Kosipo

Nigeria: Omu

UK: Omu

Family :

Sapotaceae
Botanical Name: Baillonella toxisperma Mimusops djave (synonymous)

Continent : Africa

Description of logs

Floats : No

Log durability : Good

Diameter: From 60 to 100 cm

Thickness of Sapwood: 4 to 6 cm

Description of wood

Color reference : Red Brown

Sapwood : Clearly demarcated

Texture: Fine

Grain : Straight or interlocked

Interlocked grain : Slight

Notes: Wood pink brown to red brown, more or less dark and finely veined. Satin-like aspect on quarter-sawn

.

Physics and mechanics

The properties indicated are for mature wood. These properties may vary
significantly depending on the Orion and the aging conditions of the wood

Specific gravity: 0.87

Monnin hardness: 6.8

Coefficient of volumetric shrinkage: 0.64 % per %

Total tangential shrinkage (St): 8.7%

Total radial shrinkage (Sr): 6.5%

Ratio St/Sr: 1.3%

Fibre Saturation point: 23%

Thermal Conductivity (A): 0.28 W/(m.K)

Lower heating value: 19.610 kg

Crushing strength : 74 MPa

Static bending strength: 143 MPa

Modulus of elasticity’ : 21.040 MPa

( 1 At 12 % moisture content , with 1 MPa = 1  N / mm )

Moabi wood is moderately stable (ref. standard NF B 54-040 Lames de platelages extérieurs en bois – Caractéristiques, December 2018).

Natural durability and preservation

Resistance to fungi. Class 1 – very durable.

Resistance to dry wood borers: Class D – durable (sapwood demarcated, risk limited to sapwood).

Resistance to termites: Class D – durable. 

Treatability: Class 3-4 – poorly or not permeable

Use class ensured by natural durability.

Class 4 – in-ground or fresh water contact.

Notes. This species is listed in the European standard NF EN 350 (2016). It naturally covers the use class 5 (wood permanently or regularly submerged in salt water, sea water, or brackish water) due to its high specific gravity
and high silica content. According to the European standard NF EN 335 (2013), performance length might be modified by the intensity of end-use exposition.

Requirement of a preservative treatment

Against dry wood borer : Does not require any preservative treatment.

In case of temporary humidification, it requires a proper preservative treatment.

In case of permanent humidification: Use nor recommended.

Drying

Drying rate: Slow

Risk of distortion: Slight risk.

Risk of casehardening/Risk of checking/Risk of collapse : No known specific risk

Sawing and machining

Blunting effect: High

Sawteeth recommended: Stellite-tipped

Cutting tools: Tungsten carbide

Peeling: Good

Slicing: Good

Notes. Requires power. Blunting effect is fairly high to high (silica). Sawdust can irritate mucous membranes.

.

Assembling

Nailing and screwing: Good, but pre-boring is necessary.

Commercial grading

Appearance grading for sawn timbers : 

According to the ATIBT grading rules (2017), the main choices are: FAS (First And Second), n°1 Common and select, n°2 Common (see details of these rules on the ATIBT website)

.

Fire safety

Conventional French grading :

Thickness > 14 mm: M3 (moderately inflammable)

Thickness < 14 mm: M4 (easily inflammable)

Euroclasses grading : D-s2, dO

Default grading for solid wood, according to requirements of European standard EN 14081-1+Al

(August 2019).

Default grading for solid accord in requirements or European standard EN 14081-+A1. August 2019
It concerns structural graded timber in vertical uses and ceiling with mean density upper d35 and thickness
upper 22 mm.

.

End-uses

Arched goods

Bridges (parts not in contact with water or ground)

Cabinetwork (high class furniture)

Current furniture or furniture components

Decking

Exterior joinery

Flooring

Heavy carpentry

Indoor staircases

Industrial or heavy flooring

Interior joinery

Interior panelling

Rolling shutters

Sculpture

Sleepers

Sliced veneer

Turned goods

Veneer for back or face of plywood

Veneer for interior of plywood

Notes: Substitute for MAKORE (Tieghemella spp.).

Main local names

Angola : Moabi

Cameron: Adjap

Congo: Dimpampi, Moabi

Gabon: Adza

Nigeria: Oko uku

UK: African pearwood

Family :

Fabaceae-Mimosoideae
Botanical Name: Piptadeniastrum africanum. Piptadenia africana (synonymous)

Continent : Africa

Description of logs

Floats : No

Log durability : Moderate (treatment recommended)

Diameter: From 60 to 120 cm

Thickness of Sapwood: 5 to 15 cm

Description of wood

Color reference: Yellow Brown

Sapwood : Clearly demarcated

Texture: Coarse

Grain : Interlocked

Interlocked grain : Marked

Notes: Wood light brown to golden brown, sometimes ribbon-like aspect on quarter-sawn. Ammoniac odour when green or with rewetted woods.

Physics and mechanics

The properties indicated are for mature wood. These properties may vary
significantly depending on the Orion and the aging conditions of the wood

Specific gravity: 0.70

Monnin hardness: 4.4

Coefficient of volumetric shrinkage: 0.55 % per %

Total tangential shrinkage (St): 8.5%

Total radial shrinkage (Sr): 3.8%

Ratio St/Sr: 2.2

Fibre Saturation point: 27%

Thermal Conductivity (A): 0.23 W/(m.K)

Lower heating value: 19.930 kg

Crushing strength : 57 MPa

Static bending strength: 98 MPa

Modulus of elasticity’ : 15.190 MPa

( 1 At 12 % moisture content , with 1 MPa = 1  N / mm )

Natural durability and preservation

Resistance of heartwood to xylophagous fungi: Durability class 3 – moderately durable.
Resistance of heartwood to xylophagous dry wood borers: Class D – durable (sapwood demarcated, risk limited
to sapwood).
Resistance of heartwood to termites: Class D – durable
Heartwood treatability: Class 3 – poorly permeable
Use class ensured by the natural durability of heartwood: Class 2 – inside or under cover (dampness possible)
Notes: This species is listed in the European standard NF EN 350 (2016). Resistance to fungi: moderate to good.Heart not resistant.

Notes. This species is listed in the European standard NF EN 350 (2016). It naturally covers the use class 5 (wood permanently or regularly submerged in salt water, sea water, or brackish water) due to its high specific gravity
and high silica content. According to the European standard NF EN 335 (2013), performance length might be modified by the intensity of end-use exposition.

Requirement of a preservative treatment

Against dry wood borer : Does not require any preservative treatment.

In case of temporary humidification, it requires a proper preservative treatment.

In case of permanent humidification: Use nor recommended.

Drying

Drying rate: Normal to Slow

Risk of distortion: High risk.

Risk of casehardening: Yes

Risk of checking: High Risk

Risk of collapse : No known specific risk

Sawing and machining

Saw-teeth recommended: Ordinary or alloy steel
Cutting tools: Ordinary
Peeling: Good
Slicing: Not recommended or without interest

Notes: Very irritating sawdust. Quartersawn is recommended to reduce the risks of distortion.

Assembling

Nailing and screwing: Good

Commercial grading

Appearance grading for sawn timbers : 

According to the ATIBT grading rules (2017), the main choices are: FAS (First And Second), n°1 Common and
select, n°2 Common (see on the ATIBT website: https://www.atibt.org/files/upload/technicalpublications/Contrats-et-usages-Bois-tropicaux/PAMPHLET-3-MAIN-GRADING-RULES-FOR-SAWN-TROPICALTIMBER.pdf).

Fire safety

Conventional French grading :

Thickness > 14 mm: M3 (moderately inflammable)

Thickness < 14 mm: M4 (easily inflammable)

Euroclasses grading : D-s2, dO

Default grading for solid wood, according to the requirements of European standard EN 14081-1+Al (August 2019). Default grading for solid wood, according to the requirements of European standard EN 14081-1+A1 (August 2019).
It concerns structural graded timber in vertical uses and ceiling with a mean density upper 0.35 and thickness
upper 22 mm.

End-uses

Current furniture or furniture components

Wood frame house

Exterior panelling

Glued laminated

Heavy carpentry

Indoor staircases

Industrial or heavy flooring

Vehicle or container flooring

Veneer for back or face of plywood

Veneer for interior of plywood

Notes: Can be used as a substitute for OAK (Quercus spp.) for some end-uses. The unpleasant odour of this wood when green, or rewetted, must be taken into account according to the type of end-uses and the destination.

Main local names

Angola: N’singa
Benin: Glenren
Cameroon: Atui
Central African Republic: Mokoungou
Congo (Republic of): N’singa
Côte d’Ivoire: Dabéma
Democratic Republic of the Congo: Bokungu
Democratic Republic of the Congo: Likundu
Equatorial Guinea: Tom
Gabon: Toum
Ghana: Dahoma
Liberia: Mbeli
Netherlands (imported tropical timber): Bukungu
Nigeria: Agboin
Nigeria: Ekhimi
Sierra Leone: Mbele-guli
Uganda: Mpewere
United Kingdom (imported tropical timber): Dahoma

Family :

Fabaceae-Mimosoideae
Botanical Name: Piptadeniastrum africanum. Piptadenia africana (synonymous)

Continent : Africa

Description of logs

Floats : No

Log durability : Moderate (treatment recommended)

Diameter: From 60 to 120 cm

Thickness of Sapwood: 5 to 15 cm

Description of wood

Color reference: Yellow Brown

Sapwood : Clearly demarcated

Texture: Coarse

Grain : Interlocked

Interlocked grain : Marked

Notes: Wood light brown to golden brown, sometimes ribbon-like aspect on quarter-sawn. Ammoniac odour when green or with rewetted woods.

Physics and mechanics

The properties indicated are for mature wood. These properties may vary
significantly depending on the Orion and the aging conditions of the wood

Specific gravity: 0.70

Monnin hardness: 4.4

Coefficient of volumetric shrinkage: 0.55 % per %

Total tangential shrinkage (St): 8.5%

Total radial shrinkage (Sr): 3.8%

Ratio St/Sr: 2.2

Fibre Saturation point: 27%

Thermal Conductivity (A): 0.23 W/(m.K)

Lower heating value: 19.930 kg

Crushing strength : 57 MPa

Static bending strength: 98 MPa

Modulus of elasticity’ : 15.190 MPa

( 1 At 12 % moisture content , with 1 MPa = 1  N / mm )

Natural durability and preservation

Resistance of heartwood to xylophagous fungi: Durability class 3 – moderately durable.
Resistance of heartwood to xylophagous dry wood borers: Class D – durable (sapwood demarcated, risk limited
to sapwood).
Resistance of heartwood to termites: Class D – durable
Heartwood treatability: Class 3 – poorly permeable
Use class ensured by the natural durability of heartwood: Class 2 – inside or under cover (dampness possible)
Notes: This species is listed in the European standard NF EN 350 (2016). Resistance to fungi: moderate to good.Heart not resistant.

Notes. This species is listed in the European standard NF EN 350 (2016). It naturally covers the use class 5 (wood permanently or regularly submerged in salt water, sea water, or brackish water) due to its high specific gravity
and high silica content. According to the European standard NF EN 335 (2013), performance length might be modified by the intensity of end-use exposition.

Requirement of a preservative treatment

Against dry wood borer : Does not require any preservative treatment.

In case of temporary humidification, it requires a proper preservative treatment.

In case of permanent humidification: Use nor recommended.

Drying

Drying rate: Normal to Slow

Risk of distortion: High risk.

Risk of casehardening: Yes

Risk of checking: High Risk

Risk of collapse : No known specific risk

Sawing and machining

Saw-teeth recommended: Ordinary or alloy steel
Cutting tools: Ordinary
Peeling: Good
Slicing: Not recommended or without interest

Notes: Very irritating sawdust. Quartersawn is recommended to reduce the risks of distortion.

Assembling

Nailing and screwing: Good

Commercial grading

Appearance grading for sawn timbers : 

According to the ATIBT grading rules (2017), the main choices are: FAS (First And Second), n°1 Common and
select, n°2 Common (see on the ATIBT website: https://www.atibt.org/files/upload/technicalpublications/Contrats-et-usages-Bois-tropicaux/PAMPHLET-3-MAIN-GRADING-RULES-FOR-SAWN-TROPICALTIMBER.pdf).

Fire safety

Conventional French grading :

Thickness > 14 mm: M3 (moderately inflammable)

Thickness < 14 mm: M4 (easily inflammable)

Euroclasses grading : D-s2, dO

Default grading for solid wood, according to the requirements of European standard EN 14081-1+Al (August 2019). Default grading for solid wood, according to the requirements of European standard EN 14081-1+A1 (August 2019).
It concerns structural graded timber in vertical uses and ceiling with a mean density upper 0.35 and thickness
upper 22 mm.

End-uses

Current furniture or furniture components

Wood frame house

Exterior panelling

Glued laminated

Heavy carpentry

Indoor staircases

Industrial or heavy flooring

Vehicle or container flooring

Veneer for back or face of plywood

Veneer for interior of plywood

Notes: Can be used as a substitute for OAK (Quercus spp.) for some end-uses. The unpleasant odour of this wood when green, or rewetted, must be taken into account according to the type of end-uses and the destination.

Main local names

Angola: N’singa
Benin: Glenren
Cameroon: Atui
Central African Republic: Mokoungou
Congo (Republic of): N’singa
Côte d’Ivoire: Dabéma
Democratic Republic of the Congo: Bokungu
Democratic Republic of the Congo: Likundu
Equatorial Guinea: Tom
Gabon: Toum
Ghana: Dahoma
Liberia: Mbeli
Netherlands (imported tropical timber): Bukungu
Nigeria: Agboin
Nigeria: Ekhimi
Sierra Leone: Mbele-guli
Uganda: Mpewere
United Kingdom (imported tropical timber): Dahoma